What does a research scientist do?
Research scientists design experiments, collect and analyse data and publish results. They work across every field, from drug discovery and materials to climate and neuroscience.
Salary
These are approximate UK figures for guidance only, not guaranteed salaries. Pay varies by employer, location and experience. Approximate. Check the National Careers Service and Prospects for current figures.
How do you become a research scientist?
- A levels in sciences and maths
- Science degree
- Master's and usually a PhD
- Postdoctoral or industry research role
- Research Scientist
Academic research usually requires a PhD. Industry research roles may accept a strong degree or Master's, especially for research associate positions.
Routes vary. Always check entry requirements with course providers, employers and the relevant professional body.
Do you need a degree?
Usually required
Main routes in: Degree, Postgraduate degree.
Useful subjects
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Physics
- Maths
Skills you'll need
- Experimental design
- Statistics
- Scientific writing
- Critical thinking
- Persistence
Where could you work?
- Universities
- Pharmaceuticals and biotech
- Research institutes
- Government labs
What is the work like?
Project-based work in labs, at computers or in the field, with lots of reading, writing and collaboration. Early careers often involve fixed-term contracts.
Career progression
Progression runs from research associate to senior scientist, group leader or professor, or into research management.
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Written by the STEMLaunch Editorial Team. Last updated 2026-10-05. General careers information only; check details with official sources such as the National Careers Service, NHS Careers, UCAS and professional bodies.