What does a physicist do?
Physicists study matter, energy and forces, from subatomic particles to galaxies. Applied physicists develop technologies in areas like semiconductors, lasers, quantum computing, energy and space.
Salary
These are approximate UK figures for guidance only, not guaranteed salaries. Pay varies by employer, location and experience. Approximate. Check the National Careers Service and Prospects for current figures.
How do you become a physicist?
- A levels in physics and maths
- Physics degree (often an integrated Master's)
- PhD for most research roles
- Physicist
A physics degree is essential and many research roles need a PhD. Physics graduates are also widely recruited into engineering, data and finance.
Routes vary. Always check entry requirements with course providers, employers and the relevant professional body.
Do you need a degree?
Usually required
Main routes in: A levels, Degree, Postgraduate degree.
Useful subjects
- Physics
- Maths
- Further maths
- Computing
Skills you'll need
- Advanced maths
- Programming
- Modelling
- Experimental skills
- Problem-solving
Where could you work?
- Universities
- Defence and aerospace
- Energy
- Technology companies
- National laboratories
What is the work like?
A mix of experiments, modelling, programming and collaboration, in labs, universities and technology companies.
Career progression
Physicists progress to senior research roles, lead technical teams, or move into engineering, data science or finance.
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Written by the STEMLaunch Editorial Team. Last updated 2026-10-05. General careers information only; check details with official sources such as the National Careers Service, NHS Careers, UCAS and professional bodies.