What does a biologist do?
Biologists investigate how living organisms work and interact. Depending on specialism they might study genetics, animal behaviour, plants, disease or ecosystems, then apply their findings in medicine, agriculture, conservation or industry.
Salary
These are approximate UK figures for guidance only, not guaranteed salaries. Pay varies by employer, location and experience. Approximate. Check the National Careers Service and Prospects for current figures.
How do you become a biologist?
- GCSEs including science
- A levels including biology, ideally chemistry
- Biology or biological sciences degree
- Optional Master's or PhD for research roles
- Biologist
Most biologist roles need a degree in biology or a related subject. Research careers often require a Master's or PhD. Technician and apprenticeship routes can lead into biology work too.
Routes vary. Always check entry requirements with course providers, employers and the relevant professional body.
Do you need a degree?
Usually required
Main routes in: A levels, Degree, Postgraduate degree.
Useful subjects
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Maths
- Geography
Skills you'll need
- Scientific method
- Data analysis
- Lab or field techniques
- Report writing
- Curiosity
Where could you work?
- Universities
- Biotech
- Agriculture
- Conservation
- Government agencies
What is the work like?
A mix of lab work, fieldwork, data analysis and writing. Many roles involve projects with clear research questions.
Career progression
Biologists can specialise, lead research teams, move into consultancy, policy, science communication or teaching.
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Written by the STEMLaunch Editorial Team. Last updated 2026-10-05. General careers information only; check details with official sources such as the National Careers Service, NHS Careers, UCAS and professional bodies.