What does an astronomer do?
Astronomers investigate objects and events in space. Most work involves analysing huge datasets from telescopes and satellites, building models and publishing research.
Salary
These are approximate UK figures for guidance only, not guaranteed salaries. Pay varies by employer, location and experience. Approximate. Check the National Careers Service and Prospects for current figures.
How do you become an astronomer?
- A levels in physics and maths
- Physics or astrophysics degree
- PhD in astronomy or astrophysics
- Postdoctoral research
- Astronomer
Professional astronomy almost always requires a PhD. Many people with astronomy skills go into the wider space industry, data science or software.
Routes vary. Always check entry requirements with course providers, employers and the relevant professional body.
Do you need a degree?
Usually required
Main routes in: A levels, Degree, Postgraduate degree.
Useful subjects
- Physics
- Maths
- Further maths
- Computing
Skills you'll need
- Programming (often Python)
- Statistics
- Physics and maths
- Scientific writing
- Curiosity
Where could you work?
- Universities
- Observatories
- Space agencies
- Space industry
What is the work like?
Largely computer-based research in universities or observatories, with occasional observing trips. Jobs are few and competitive.
Career progression
Academic progression runs from postdoc to lecturer and professor. Many move into space industry, data or software careers.
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Written by the STEMLaunch Editorial Team. Last updated 2026-10-05. General careers information only; check details with official sources such as the National Careers Service, NHS Careers, UCAS and professional bodies.