What does a microbiologist do?
Microbiologists study microscopic organisms. They identify infections, develop vaccines and antibiotics, test food and water safety and use microbes in industry, for example in brewing and biofuels.
Salary
These are approximate UK figures for guidance only, not guaranteed salaries. Pay varies by employer, location and experience. Approximate. Check the National Careers Service and Prospects for current figures.
How do you become a microbiologist?
- A levels including biology and chemistry
- Microbiology, biology or biomedical science degree
- Lab role or postgraduate study
- Microbiologist
A relevant degree is the usual route. Clinical microbiology in the NHS goes through biomedical or clinical scientist training. Lab technician apprenticeships offer a way in without a degree.
Routes vary. Always check entry requirements with course providers, employers and the relevant professional body.
Do you need a degree?
Usually required
Main routes in: A levels, Degree, Postgraduate degree, Apprenticeship.
Useful subjects
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Maths
Skills you'll need
- Aseptic lab technique
- Attention to detail
- Data analysis
- Problem-solving
- Report writing
Where could you work?
- NHS
- Pharmaceuticals
- Food and drink
- Water companies
- Public health
What is the work like?
Mainly lab-based, culturing and analysing samples using microscopes, molecular techniques and computer analysis, with strict hygiene and safety rules.
Career progression
You could become a senior or principal scientist, lead a lab, or move into quality assurance or regulatory roles.
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Written by the STEMLaunch Editorial Team. Last updated 2026-10-05. General careers information only; check details with official sources such as the National Careers Service, NHS Careers, UCAS and professional bodies.