What does a geologist do?
Geologists investigate the Earth's structure and history. They assess ground conditions for construction, find resources, manage groundwater and contaminated land, and support carbon storage and geothermal energy.
Salary
These are approximate UK figures for guidance only, not guaranteed salaries. Pay varies by employer, location and experience. Approximate. Check the National Careers Service and Prospects for current figures.
How do you become a geologist?
- A levels including a science and maths or geography
- Geology or earth sciences degree
- Optional Master's (e.g. engineering geology)
- Geologist
A geology or geoscience degree is the standard route, with Master's courses helpful in specialisms such as hydrogeology or engineering geology.
Routes vary. Always check entry requirements with course providers, employers and the relevant professional body.
Do you need a degree?
Usually required
Main routes in: A levels, Degree, Postgraduate degree.
Useful subjects
- Geography
- Chemistry
- Physics
- Maths
Skills you'll need
- Field mapping
- GIS and modelling
- Data interpretation
- Report writing
- Physical fitness for fieldwork
Where could you work?
- Engineering consultancies
- Energy and mining
- Water companies
- Government geological surveys
What is the work like?
A mix of fieldwork, site investigation, lab analysis and computer modelling. Travel and outdoor work are common.
Career progression
Progress to senior or principal geologist, become chartered, specialise or manage projects.
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Written by the STEMLaunch Editorial Team. Last updated 2026-10-05. General careers information only; check details with official sources such as the National Careers Service, NHS Careers, UCAS and professional bodies.