What does an environmental scientist do?
Environmental scientists measure and analyse air, water and soil quality, assess the impact of human activity and develop ways to reduce pollution and adapt to climate change.
Salary
These are approximate UK figures for guidance only, not guaranteed salaries. Pay varies by employer, location and experience. Approximate. Check the National Careers Service and Prospects for current figures.
How do you become an environmental scientist?
- A levels in sciences or geography
- Environmental science or related degree
- Graduate role with consultancy or agency
- Environmental Scientist
Most enter with a relevant degree. Environmental practitioner apprenticeships and Level 3 technician roles also exist.
Routes vary. Always check entry requirements with course providers, employers and the relevant professional body.
Do you need a degree?
Usually required
Main routes in: A levels, Degree, Apprenticeship.
Useful subjects
- Geography
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Maths
Skills you'll need
- Sampling and fieldwork
- Data analysis
- GIS
- Knowledge of environmental law
- Report writing
Where could you work?
- Environment agencies
- Consultancies
- Water companies
- Local authorities
- Research
What is the work like?
A blend of fieldwork collecting samples, lab analysis and office work on data, modelling and reports.
Career progression
You could become a senior scientist, specialise in areas like air quality or contaminated land, or move into policy or management.
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Written by the STEMLaunch Editorial Team. Last updated 2026-10-05. General careers information only; check details with official sources such as the National Careers Service, NHS Careers, UCAS and professional bodies.